Monetary Units
A very simple overview of the major monetary units of the time were:

• Pound - symbol (£)     
• Shilling  - symbol (s), 20 shillings in one pound (a shilling was often called 'bob', so 'ten bob' was 10s)
• Penny - symbol (d) 12 pennies in one shilling, 240 pennies in one pound

    
Coins
Historically there were many coins in circulation during the Victorian period.  The list below is not exhaustive nor representative of all the possible coins in use at that time, but is a list of the more common ones used in the late Victorian period.

• Sovereign - 1£
• Half-sovereign - 10s
• Crown - 5s
• Half-crown -  2s-6d
• Shilling - 1s
• Sixpence - 6d
• Penny - 1d
• Half-penny - 1/2d
• Farthing - 1/4d 

Paper Currency
Paper money was first issued by the Bank of London in the 1690s, but was not accepted for use by many and being hand-signed did not encourage confidence in this form of currency. As the result of an economic crisis in 1797, the Bank stopped making payments in coins for more than £1 thus increase in quantity and circulation of banknotes. They lasted until 1828 when the Bank began issuing £5 notes. In 1853 the bank begin to print the notes with signatures eliminating the need of "hand-written" ones.

References
British Currency  (http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/currency.html)
British Currency During the Victorian Era ( http://www.katetattersall.com/british-currency-during-the-victorian-era-knowing-your-farthings-from-your-florins/)

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